{"id":9074,"date":"2017-01-03T15:56:46","date_gmt":"2017-01-03T14:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/?p=9074"},"modified":"2017-06-05T18:38:43","modified_gmt":"2017-06-05T16:38:43","slug":"fotograficke-rezimy-auto-p-a-s-m","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/fotograficke-rezimy-auto-p-a-s-m\/","title":{"rendered":"Fotografick\u00e9 re\u017eimy Auto, P, A, S, M"},"content":{"rendered":"

V dne\u0161n\u00edm d\u00edle rubriky FOTOLAB Fotor\u00e1dce se pokus\u00edme objasnit jednotliv\u00e9 funkce voli\u010de re\u017eim\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"Voli\u010d<\/p>\n

Focen\u00ed s\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00edm fotoapar\u00e1tem, a\u0165 u\u017e je to kompakt, kompakt s\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fdmi objektivy, nebo zrcadlovka, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 v\u00fdhody nap\u0159. oproti focen\u00ed s\u00a0chytr\u00fdm telefonem<\/strong>. Mezi ty nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed celkov\u00e1 obrazov\u00e1 kvalita, nebo maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrola nad v\u00fdslednou fotkou<\/strong>. Pro nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt alespo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak takov\u00fd fotoapar\u00e1t funguje. Dnes se proto pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jednotliv\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 re\u017eimy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Jednotliv\u00e9 fotografick\u00e9 re\u017eimy ur\u010duj\u00ed, jak fotoapar\u00e1t zach\u00e1z\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi fotografick\u00fdmi hodnotami<\/strong> – \u010cASEM, CLONOU a CITLIVOST\u00cd ISO<\/strong>. V\u011bt\u0161inou tak pohybujeme pouze s\u00a0jednou hodnotou \u2013 podle toho, nad kterou z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00fdch hodnot chceme m\u00edt kontrolu (nej\u010dast\u011bji re\u017eim priority clony pro kontrolou nad hloubkou ostrosti\/rozmaz\u00e1n\u00edm pozad\u00ed) \u2013 a fotoapar\u00e1t dopo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 ty zbyl\u00e9 tak, aby fotografie byla adekv\u00e1tn\u011b sv\u011btl\u00e1. V\u00fdjimkou je pln\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eim, ve kter\u00e9m m\u00e1me plnou kontrolu nad v\u0161emi t\u0159emi hodnotami.<\/p>\n

\n

Pokud jsou V\u00e1m pojmy \u010cAS, CLONA A ISO ciz\u00ed, doporu\u010duji nejprve p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst \u010dl\u00e1nek „Jak funguje fotoapar\u00e1t“.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Jak<\/p>\n

zobrazit \u010dl\u00e1nek jak funguje fotoapar\u00e1t<\/a><\/div>\n
\n

Automatick\u00fd re\u017eim<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Re\u017eim vytvo\u0159en\u00fd pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed jednoduchost<\/strong> \u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed nam\u00ed\u0159it na focen\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt a zm\u00e1\u010dknou spou\u0161\u0165. Fotoapar\u00e1t s\u00e1m vyhodnot\u00ed expozi\u010dn\u00ed \u010das, clonu i ISO a o nic se nemus\u00edte starat.<\/p>\n

Nev\u00fdhodou tohoto re\u017eimu je, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017eete p\u0159\u00edmo ovlivnit hodnoty expozi\u010dn\u00edho troj\u016fheln\u00edku (tedy ani jevy s\u00a0nimi spojen\u00e9) – tzn. \u010das (ostrost fotografovan\u00e9ho sn\u00edmku), clonu (hloubka ostrosti\/rozmazan\u00e9 pozad\u00ed) a ISO (fotografick\u00fd \u0161um). Jist\u00e1 m\u00edra kontroly je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed sc\u00e9nick\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f, jako jsou nap\u0159. re\u017eimy Portr\u00e9t, Sport, No\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9na, J\u00eddlo, apod<\/strong>. V\u00a0automatick\u00e9m re\u017eimu na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 ani nastaven\u00ed ost\u0159\u00edc\u00edho bodu \u2013 to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee si fotoapar\u00e1t \u201edom\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed\u201c, na jakou \u010d\u00e1st sn\u00edmk\u016f asi chcete zaost\u0159it. To sice m\u016f\u017ee fungovat spolehliv\u011b, d\u0159\u00edve \u010di d\u00e9le ale nejsp\u00ed\u0161 naraz\u00edte na situaci, kdy bude v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 fotka ostr\u00e1 \u00fapln\u011b jinde, ne\u017e jste cht\u011bli.<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0fotografick\u00fdch ne\u0161var\u016f, kter\u00fd je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b turisticky obl\u00edben\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, je v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 bl\u00fdsk\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 a to i p\u0159i focen\u00ed panoramat apod. Vestav\u011bn\u00fd blesk na Va\u0161em fotoapar\u00e1tu m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou \u00fa\u010dinnost max. 2 \u2013 3 m<\/strong>. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00e9 je-li focen\u00fd objekt v t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na jakoukoliv v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost je nesmysln\u00e9. Doporu\u010duji tedy blesk manu\u00e1ln\u011b vypnout a zap\u00ednat ho pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy vyhodnot\u00edte, \u017ee to m\u00e1 cenu.<\/p>\n

Osobn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00e9mu nov\u00e1\u010dkovi doporu\u010duji z\u00a0re\u017eimu Auto co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u0159\u00edve \u201eut\u00e9ct\u201c. Jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm toti\u017e svou zrcadlovku (nebo nap\u0159. CSC) sni\u017eujete na \u00farove\u0148 mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kompakt\u016f<\/strong> \u010di chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f<\/strong>. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou t\u011bchto pokro\u010dil\u00fdch fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f je p\u0159itom pr\u00e1v\u011b mo\u017enost maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly nad v\u00fdsledn\u00fdm obr\u00e1zkem. Jako prvn\u00ed krok vp\u0159ed doporu\u010duji v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 vypnut\u00ed automatick\u00e9ho blesku.<\/p>\n

\n

Poloautomatick\u00e9 re\u017eimy (P, A, S, M)<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Poloautomatick\u00e9 re\u017eimy P,A,S,M, nebo P, Av, Tv, M (u fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f Canon), se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout do v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 fotografie.<\/p>\n

\n

P<\/u> \u2013 Tzv. Programov\u00e1 automatika. <\/strong><\/h4>\n

Stejn\u011b tak jako Auto re\u017eim, i re\u017eim P vol\u00ed hodnoty \u010dasu a clony za V\u00e1<\/strong>s. Na rozd\u00edl od automatick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu v\u0161ak nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edvat kompenzaci expozice<\/strong> (zesv\u011btlit nebo ztmavit sn\u00edmek) a m\u011bnit hodnotu ISO<\/strong>. N\u011bkter\u00e9 fotoapar\u00e1ty dovoluj\u00ed v\u00a0re\u017eimu P tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnu clonov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla \u2013 m\u016f\u017eete v\u00a0n\u011bm tedy zkou\u0161et, jak\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky z\u00edsk\u00e1te na r\u016fzn\u00e1 nastaven\u00ed clonov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv je tento re\u017eim pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi fotografy pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jen z\u0159\u00eddka, j\u00e1 osobn\u011b ho pova\u017euji za ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0 p\u0159echod z\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9ho automatick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu do jednoho z\u00a0manu\u00e1ln\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

A (Av)<\/u> \u2013 Re\u017eim priority clony.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

V tomto re\u017eimu ovliv\u0148ujete clonu a fotoapar\u00e1t po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 expozi\u010dn\u00ed \u010das<\/strong>. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u017eadujete-li kontrolu nad clonou<\/strong> \u2013 tedy hloubkou ostrosti. Nap\u0159. pro portr\u00e9ty tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zvol\u00edte n\u00edzk\u00e9 clonov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (mal\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti\/rozmazan\u00e9 pozad\u00ed), nap\u0159. pro krajinu nebo architekturu vysok\u00e9 clonov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo (vysok\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti\/cel\u00fd obraz ostr\u00fd).<\/p>\n

\"N\u00edzk\u00e9<\/a>
Zvolen\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho clonov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla dos\u00e1hneme p\u011bkn\u00e9ho rozmazan\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed. Foto: Jarom\u00edr Kade\u0159\u00e1bek
<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

*Re\u017eim je vhodn\u00fd pro alespo\u0148 lehce pokro\u010dil\u00e9 fotografy.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

S (Tv)<\/u> \u2013 Re\u017eim priority \u010dasu.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ovliv\u0148ujete \u010das a fotoapar\u00e1t po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 clonov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/strong>. Vhodn\u00e9 pokud pot\u0159ebujete m\u00edt nastaven\u00fd pevn\u00fd \u010das. Mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed je nap\u0159. p\u0159i focen\u00ed sportu nebo jin\u00e9ho rychl\u00e9ho pohybu<\/strong>, kdy si pot\u0159ebujete b\u00fdt jisti, \u017ee m\u00e1te dostate\u010dn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010das z\u00e1v\u011brky a tedy ostr\u00fd obraz<\/strong> pohybliv\u00e9ho objektu bez rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\"Dlouh\u00fd<\/a>
1\/6 sekundy – pohybliv\u00e9 objekty jsou rozmazan\u00e9<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\"Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd<\/a>
1\/170 sekundy – pohybliv\u00e9 objekty jsou ostr\u00e9<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

*Vhodn\u00e9 pro alespo\u0148 lehce pokro\u010dil\u00e9 fotografy.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

M<\/u> \u2013 Pln\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eim. <\/strong><\/h4>\n

Sami vol\u00edte v\u0161echny 3 hodnoty \u2013 Expozi\u010dn\u00ed \u010das, clonov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a hodnotu ISO. V\u00a0tomto re\u017eimu je automatick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed expozice kompletn\u011b vypnuto<\/strong> a m\u00e1te plnou kontrolu nad v\u00fdslednou fotografi\u00ed. Vhodn\u00e9 pro specifick\u00e9 situace, nap\u0159. kdy\u017e n\u00e1m m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed expozice neposkytuje spolehliv\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, kdy\u017e pot\u0159ebujeme m\u00edt plnou kontrolu nad \u010dasem i clonou,<\/strong> nebo pro focen\u00ed s\u00a0extern\u00edm bleskem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

*Re\u017eim je vhodn\u00fd pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 fotografy.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tek to v\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eit\u011b. Obrovskou v\u00fdhodou digit\u00e1ln\u00edch fo\u0165\u00e1k\u016f v\u0161ak je, \u017ee nejste omezeni drah\u00fdmi filmy a m\u016f\u017eete tak experimentovat do nekone\u010dna. V\u0159ele tedy doporu\u010duji zkusit p\u0159epnout nap\u0159. do re\u017eimu A nebo P a vyzkou\u0161et, jak zm\u011bna clonov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla nebo \u010dasu ovlivn\u00ed v\u00fdslednou fotografii.<\/p>\n

Hodn\u011b \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159i pokusech a hlavn\u011b – dobr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V dne\u0161n\u00edm d\u00edle rubriky FOTOLAB Fotor\u00e1dce se pokus\u00edme objasnit jednotliv\u00e9 funkce voli\u010de re\u017eim\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":9143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,559],"tags":[33,354,458,567,566,564],"class_list":["post-9074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digitalni-fotografie","category-fotolab-fotoradce","tag-auto","tag-digitalni-fotografie","tag-digitalni-zrcadlovka","tag-fotograficke-rezimy-pasm","tag-fotolab-fotoradce","tag-jak-funguje-fotoaparat"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No","cwp_rev_product_name":"","cwp_rev_product_image":"","cwp_image_link":"image","cwp_rev_price":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9074"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9074"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9288,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9074\/revisions\/9288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9074"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9074"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}