{"id":35142,"date":"2022-05-16T18:09:24","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T16:09:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/?p=35142"},"modified":"2024-08-21T08:00:04","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T06:00:04","slug":"jak-vybrat-objektiv-pro-foceni-krajiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/jak-vybrat-objektiv-pro-foceni-krajiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak vybrat objektiv pro focen\u00ed krajiny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Focen\u00ed krajiny je z\u00a0pohledu n\u00e1rok\u016f na rozpo\u010det velmi variabiln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a je otev\u0159eno v\u00a0tomto ohledu \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru u\u017eivatel\u016f. Ceny objektiv\u016f vhodn\u00fdch na focen\u00ed krajiny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed velmi n\u00edzko, na \u00farovni po\u0159izovac\u00ed ceny setov\u00e9ho objektivu, kter\u00fd si m\u016f\u017eete koupit ke sv\u00e9mu prvn\u00edmu fotoapar\u00e1tu s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny objektiv\u016f. <\/strong><\/p>\n

U nejlevn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objektiv\u016f mus\u00edte samoz\u0159ejm\u011b po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0kompromisy v\u00a0kvalit\u011b optick\u00e9 soustavy, z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u00a0i v samotn\u00e9m konstruk\u010dn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 ale n\u00e1roky na v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 fotografie jin\u00e9, tedy n\u00ed\u017ee si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u0161et\u0159it, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kde to ji\u017e v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 nen\u00ed. Jak\u00e9 jsou tedy ty hlavn\u00ed aspekty, kter\u00e9 je vhodn\u00e9 zohlednit p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho objektivu<\/strong>?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Autor fotografie: Viktor Fiker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dahel sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, resp. \u0161\u00ed\u0159e z\u00e1b\u011bru (\u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00fd objektiv vs. teleobjektiv)<\/h2>\n

Krajin\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed fotografov\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed objektivy s\u00a0ohniskov\u00fdmi vzd\u00e1lenostmi (po p\u0159epo\u010dtu na hodnotu Full Frame<\/a><\/strong> sn\u00edma\u010de) od cca 14 mm do 70\u2013105 mm (na krajinn\u00e9 detaily a\u017e 200mm). Tento rozsah ohnisek pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed dva typy objektiv\u016f:<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00e9 (typicky s\u00a0ohnisky n\u011bkde v rozmez\u00ed 14\u201335 mm*)
\n\u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \/ standardn\u00ed objektivy (typicky s\u00a0ohnisky n\u011bkde v rozmez\u00ed 24\u2013105 mm*)<\/p>\n

* pozn: ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce m\u00e1 trochu jinak nastaven\u00e9 ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, setkat se tedy m\u016f\u017eete nap\u0159. s verzemi objektiv\u016f 14\u201330 mm, 15\u201335 mm, 28\u201370 mm, 24\u201335 mm atd. Nejklasi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou varianty 16\u201335 mm a 24\u201370 mm, se sv\u011btelnost\u00ed f\/2,8 nebo f\/4.<\/p>\n

\"Sony<\/a>
Sony Zeiss Vario-Tessar T* FE 16-35mm f\/4 ZA OSS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sony Zeiss Vario-Tessar T* FE 16-35mm f\/4 ZA OSS na e-shopu<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Okrajov\u011b se daj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt i tzv. ultrazoom varianty, kdy rozsah zoomu je v\u00edce jak 8n\u00e1sobn\u00fd. Nap\u0159. 28\u2013200 mm. V\u017edy se zde ale bude jednat o kompromisn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00a0pohledu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kvality obrazu a sv\u011btelnosti.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed kategorie jsou \u201eleh\u010d\u00ed\u201c teleobjektivy s ohnisky do 200 mm, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro zachycen\u00ed krajinn\u00e9ho detailu (verze 70-200\/resp. 300 mm). V\u00fdrobci nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0161irokou paletu teleobjektiv\u016f, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch cenov\u00fdch relac\u00edch. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, na focen\u00ed krajiny vyu\u017eijete nej\u010dast\u011bji ohniska od 14 do 200 mm (po p\u0159epo\u010dtu na velikost Full Frame sn\u00edma\u010de).<\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 na blogu: <\/strong>Pro\u010d je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 velikost sn\u00edma\u010de fotoapar\u00e1tu<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Konstrukce a typ objektivu<\/h2>\n

V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny m\u016f\u017eete s\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bchem pou\u017e\u00edt jak objektivy s\u00a0prom\u011bnou ohniskovou vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed (\u201ezoomy\u201c), tak variantu s\u00a0fixn\u00edm ohniskem (\u201epevn\u00e9\u201c objektivy). Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 (\u010dasto i \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed) fotografovat s\u00a0objektivy o fixn\u00ed ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. P\u0159ijdete sice o mo\u017enost \u201ezoomov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, optickou kvalitou si v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161inou polep\u0161\u00edte.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0pohledu konstrukce se na trhu vyskytuj\u00ed objektivy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 nadstandartn\u00ed vlastnosti, \u010d\u00edm\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159.:<\/p>\n

– ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed proti prachu a vlhkosti; speci\u00e1ln\u00ed povlaky na \u010do\u010dku usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed
\n– p\u0159\u00edtomnost multifunk\u010dn\u00edho voli\u010de (zm\u011bna clony, ISO, apod.)
\n– tla\u010d\u00edtko pro p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 funkce
\n– specializovan\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de jednotliv\u00fdch funkc\u00ed vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0autofokusu a stabilizaci obrazu
\n– indikace zaost\u0159en\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a m\u00edra hloubky ostrosti a dal\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n

\"Olympus<\/a>
Olympus M. Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm f4 IS PRO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 12-100mm f\/4 IS PRO na e-shopu<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Hmotnost a velikost objektivu<\/h3>\n

Nejmen\u0161\u00ed a nejleh\u010d\u00ed objektivy si m\u016f\u017eete po\u0159\u00eddit k\u00a0fotoapar\u00e1t\u016fm s\u00a0\u010dipem men\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e je form\u00e1t Full Frame (tj. velikost klasick\u00e9ho kinofilmov\u00e9ho pol\u00ed\u010dka). Velmi sv\u011bteln\u00e9 zoomy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed (nap\u0159. Canon RF 28-70mm f\/2<\/strong><\/a> na obr. n\u00ed\u017ee), opakem jsou objektivy s fixn\u00edm ohniskem o sv\u011btelnosti mezi f\/1,8 a f\/2,8.<\/p>\n

\"Canon<\/a><\/p>\n

Sv\u011btelnost objektivu<\/h3>\n

Vysok\u00e1 sv\u011btelnost objektivu, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bt\u0161inou \u201edoprov\u00e1zena\u201c vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenovkou, nen\u00ed p\u0159i \u201edenn\u00ed\u201c krajin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 fotografii prim\u00e1rn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b, pokud budete pracovat se stativem. \u00a0Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btelnost se m\u016f\u017ee hodit nap\u0159. p\u0159i focen\u00ed za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladiny osv\u011btlen\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pokud je autorsk\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1st obrazu nechat rozost\u0159enou.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny sice budete v\u011bt\u0161inou clonu zav\u00edrat, opakem je ale nap\u0159\u00edklad astrofotografie, kde je pot\u0159eba vysok\u00e1 sv\u011btelnost a odolnost proti optick\u00fdm vad\u00e1m. Toto v\u0161e spl\u0148uj\u00ed objektivy zna\u010dky Sigma z \u0159ady ART<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Po\u010det lamel clony<\/h3>\n

Tento \u00fadaj byste m\u011bli naj\u00edt ve v\u0161ech podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch specifikac\u00edch. Jak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 bude \u201ehv\u011bzdi\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c kolem sv\u011bteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f (nap\u0159. kolem slunce, lampy pouli\u010dn\u00edho osv\u011btlen\u00ed) rozhoduje po\u010det tvar a po\u010det lamel clony. Sud\u00fd po\u010det lamel vytvo\u0159\u00ed stejn\u00fd po\u010det paprsk\u016f (nap\u0159. 8 lamel = 8 paprsk\u016f), av\u0161ak lich\u00fd po\u010det dvojn\u00e1sobek (nap\u0159. 7 lamel = 14 paprsk\u016f).<\/p>\n

Kvalita optick\u00e9 soustavy a n\u00e1roky na v\u00fdstupy<\/h3>\n

Hledejte takov\u00e9 objektivy, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00fdbornou kresbu jak ve st\u0159edu sn\u00edmku, tak v\u00a0jeho okraj\u00edch (rozmazan\u00e9 okraje nejsou \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed). Celkov\u011b je vhodn\u00e9 preferovat takov\u00e9 verze, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vysokou rozli\u0161ovac\u00ed schopnost, ide\u00e1ln\u011b od nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch clon.<\/p>\n

\"Panasonic<\/a>
Panasonic Lumix S PRO 16-35mm f\/4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je odolnost na necht\u011bn\u00e9 projevy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0fotografov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00a0protisv\u011btle (a\u0165 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m, tak nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m). Jedn\u00e1 se vznik r\u016fzn\u00fdch z\u00e1voj\u016f, \u201epras\u00e1tek\u201c, pokles kontrastu. \u010c\u00edm kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed antireflexn\u00ed vrstvy na objektivu jsou, t\u00edm v\u00edce jsou tyto negativn\u00ed projevy eliminov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n

Optick\u00e9 vady, jako je nap\u0159. m\u00edra vin\u011btace, chromatick\u00e9 aberace, nemus\u00edte p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0159e\u0161it. Bu\u010f jdou zcela, nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 odstranit, aby nebyly ru\u0161iv\u00e9 (lze p\u0159\u00edmo ve fotoapar\u00e1tu nebo dodate\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010di).<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cena profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch objektiv\u016f nen\u00ed pouze o jejich ostrosti, ale je \u00fazce spojena i s vysokou odolnost\u00ed proti v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm optick\u00fdm vad\u00e1m. Takov\u00e9 standardy spl\u0148uj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad objektivy z \u0159ady Canon L<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00e9 zaru\u010den\u011b pozn\u00e1te podle \u010derven\u00e9ho prou\u017eku v p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti objektivu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Odolnost v\u016f\u010di prachu a nep\u0159\u00edzni po\u010das\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru objektivu se zamyslete i nad t\u00edm, zda vyu\u017eijete zv\u00fd\u0161enou odolnost proti vlhkosti, st\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00ed vod\u011b, prachu a jin\u00fdm ne\u010distot\u00e1m. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee pokud obdobn\u011b nebudete m\u00edt chr\u00e1n\u011bn i fotoapar\u00e1t, jedn\u00e1 se o \u201ep\u016fl v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed prvky<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 sofistikovanost nen\u00ed u statick\u00e9ho \u017e\u00e1nru pot\u0159eba. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 multifunk\u010dn\u00ed voli\u010de p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed komfortu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. objektivy pro bajonet Canon EOS R a Nikon Z).<\/p>\n

\"Canon<\/a>
Canon RF 50mm f\/1.2L USM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Canon RF 50mm f\/1.2L USM na e-shopu<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Focen\u00ed krajiny je z\u00a0pohledu n\u00e1rok\u016f na rozpo\u010det velmi variabiln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a je otev\u0159eno v\u00a0tomto ohledu \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru u\u017eivatel\u016f. Ceny objektiv\u016f vhodn\u00fdch na focen\u00ed krajiny za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed velmi n\u00edzko, na \u00farovni po\u0159izovac\u00ed ceny setov\u00e9ho objektivu, kter\u00fd si m\u016f\u017eete koupit ke sv\u00e9mu prvn\u00edmu fotoapar\u00e1tu s\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny objektiv\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":35161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[559,18],"tags":[946,124,144],"class_list":["post-35142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotolab-fotoradce","category-novinky","tag-fotoradce","tag-krajina","tag-objektivy"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35142"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/266"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35142"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53569,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35142\/revisions\/53569"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}