{"id":31393,"date":"2022-03-18T14:00:16","date_gmt":"2022-03-18T13:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/?p=31393"},"modified":"2022-03-18T14:09:49","modified_gmt":"2022-03-18T13:09:49","slug":"jak-na-detaily-bez-makroobjektivu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/jak-na-detaily-bez-makroobjektivu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak na detaily bez makroobjektivu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed detail\u016f je obl\u00edbenou discipl\u00ednou pro mnoh\u00e9 z&nbsp;n\u00e1s. \u010casto se neobejdete bez specifick\u00e9ho fotografick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho vynikaj\u00ed makroobjektivy. Pokud si drah\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed na focen\u00ed detail\u016f nechcete po\u0159izovat, m\u00e1me pro v\u00e1s n\u011bkolik tip\u016f, <\/strong><strong>jak to zvl\u00e1dnout i&nbsp;bez specializovan\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Jak nastavit fotoapar\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159i focen\u00ed makra a&nbsp;detail\u016f nastavte fotoapar\u00e1t minim\u00e1ln\u011b do poloautomatick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu P. V&nbsp;tomto re\u017eimu se expozimetr fotoapar\u00e1tu postar\u00e1 o&nbsp;nastaven\u00ed \u010dasu a&nbsp;clony, v\u00e1m tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kontrola nad citlivost\u00ed ISO a&nbsp;hlavn\u011b nad zp\u016fsobem ost\u0159en\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e je re\u017eim &#8222;P&#8220; ale doporu\u010duji nastavit pln\u011b manu\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eim s&nbsp;automatickou citlivost\u00ed ISO nebo prioritu clonu, takt\u00e9\u017e s&nbsp;automatick\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm citlivosti.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i focen\u00ed detailu n\u00e1s nejv\u00edce zaj\u00edm\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti. Zav\u0159en\u00edm clony, tedy nastaven\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho clonov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla, se hloubka ostrosti prodlou\u017e\u00ed a&nbsp;ve fotografii bude v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st ostr\u00e1. P\u0159i focen\u00ed z&nbsp;kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed se toti\u017e hloubka ostrosti p\u0159irozen\u011b zkracuje a&nbsp;p\u0159i focen\u00ed plnohodnotn\u00e9ho makra se dokonce \u010dasto nevyhnete skl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed fotografie z&nbsp;v\u00edce sn\u00edmk\u016f. T\u00edm se ov\u0161em dnes zaob\u00edrat nebudeme, jde n\u00e1m o&nbsp;jednoduchost.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49186\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49186\" style=\"width: 1800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49186 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons.jpg\" alt=\"Detail kv\u011btiny\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/erik-kossakowski-closeup-commons-740x493.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49186\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail vyfocen\u00fd setov\u00fdm objektivem 24-105 na full-frame fotoapar\u00e1tu. Clona byla p\u0159iv\u0159en\u00e1 na f\/8 aby byly ostr\u00e9 pest\u00edky i&nbsp;okv\u011btn\u00ed l\u00edstky. D\u00edky velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti vykouzlil objektiv i&nbsp;p\u0159es vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed clonu p\u011bkn\u00fd bokeh.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Nastaven\u00ed \u010dasu nech\u00e1m pln\u011b na v\u00e1s. Pokud fotografujete za dobr\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, m\u016f\u017eete nechat nastaven\u00ed na automatice. Ve \u0161patn\u00e9m sv\u011btle ale m\u016f\u017ee automatika za\u010d\u00edt nastavovat a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 \u010dasy, kter\u00e9, hlavn\u011b na del\u0161\u00ed ohniska, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt probl\u00e9m udr\u017eet z&nbsp;ruky.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 na blogu: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/jak-nastavit-fotoaparat-krok-za-krokem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>&#8222;Jak nastavit fotoapar\u00e1t krok za krokem&#8220;<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>S nastaven\u00edm \u010dasu si proto v&nbsp;takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech pohrejte a&nbsp;nastavte jej tak, aby jste nefotili na zbyte\u010dn\u011b vysokou citlivost (u&nbsp;fotoapar\u00e1tu s&nbsp;v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u010dipem, nap\u0159\u00edklad APS-C, b\u00fdv\u00e1 hranic\u00ed hodnota ISO3200) a&nbsp;z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011bli fotografie ostr\u00e9. \u010cas si mus\u00edte pohl\u00eddat i&nbsp;p\u0159i focen\u00ed ve v\u011btru, kdy mohou b\u00fdt detaily v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b rozmazan\u00e9. Pokud m\u00e1te stativ, pou\u017eijte jej, ale nutn\u00e9 to nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49188\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49188\" style=\"width: 1800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49188 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons.jpg\" alt=\"Lu\u010dn\u00ed kv\u00edt\u00ed ve\u010der\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-370x246.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-270x179.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/minh-bach-tr-kytky-creative-commons-740x492.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49188\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Podve\u010dern\u00ed sv\u011btlo v\u00e1s donut\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt clonu, prodlou\u017eit \u010das a&nbsp;zvednout citlivost. Dejte si pozor na focen\u00ed ve v\u011btru a&nbsp;podle pot\u0159eby zkra\u0165te \u010das expozice.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>T\u00edm hlavn\u00edm nastaven\u00edm je volba manu\u00e1ln\u00edho ost\u0159en\u00ed. Automatick\u00e9 ost\u0159en\u00ed bude na krat\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti \u010dasto t\u00e1pat a&nbsp;hledat se. Mnohdy nezaost\u0159\u00ed v\u016fbec. P\u0159epn\u011bte proto fotoapar\u00e1t do re\u017eimu manu\u00e1ln\u00edho zaost\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Prov\u00e9st to m\u016f\u017eete nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010dem na objektivu, t\u011ble nebo v&nbsp;rychl\u00e9m menu fotoapar\u00e1tu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pot\u00e9 pouze ot\u00e1\u010dejte krou\u017ekem ost\u0159en\u00ed tak, abyste se dostali na nejrakt\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou zaost\u0159itelnou vzd\u00e1lenost. P\u0159i focen\u00ed mal\u00fdch objekt\u016f pak neost\u0159ete krou\u017ekem ost\u0159en\u00ed ale pohybem fotoapar\u00e1tu vp\u0159ed a&nbsp;vzad. Dostanete tak z&nbsp;va\u0161\u00ed techniky maximum.<\/p>\n<h2>Dal\u0161\u00ed tipy pro focen\u00ed detail\u016f<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u011bnujte se kompozici, mnohdy je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dosa\u017een\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Nejlep\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btlo pro focen\u00ed detail\u016f je \u010dasto protisv\u011btlo, hledejte ho.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159i kvalit\u011b sou\u010dasn\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f si nev\u00e1hejte pomoci dodate\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0159ezem (nelze samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt).<\/li>\n<li>Sledujte pozad\u00ed a&nbsp;v&nbsp;ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b fo\u0165te ve sm\u011bru, kde je pozad\u00ed hodn\u011b vzd\u00e1leno.<\/li>\n<li>Na v\u00fdsledn\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch by nem\u011blo nic ru\u0161it. Jedno pravidlo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee ve fotce by nem\u011blo b\u00fdt nic sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e hlavn\u00ed focen\u00fd objekt. Tak\u017ee nap\u0159. kv\u011bty strom\u016f nefo\u0165te proti obloze, ale rad\u011bji proti list\u016fm nebo jin\u00fdm kv\u011bt\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li>Hledejte si zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 objekty pro focen\u00ed i&nbsp;doma. Kv\u011btiny ve v\u00e1ze, kaktus, star\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 hodinky, odraz v&nbsp;polo\u017een\u00e9 l\u017ei\u010dce, \u0159ezy ovocem a&nbsp;zeleninou (kiwi, citron, pomeran\u010d, okurek) proti oknu nebo bublinky ve sklenici vody. Detaily lze fotit skoro v\u0161ude!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p>\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9 na blogu: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/jak-funguje-fotoaparat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>&#8222;Jak funguje fotoapar\u00e1t: \u010das \u2013 clona \u2013 ISO&#8220;<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u010c\u00edm fotit detaily?<\/h2>\n<p>\u010c\u00edmkoliv! Detaily m\u016f\u017eete fotografovat prakticky s&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00fdm objektivem a&nbsp;dokonce i&nbsp;s&nbsp;t\u00edm v&nbsp;mobiln\u00edm telefonu. Makro to sice nebude, ale i&nbsp;tak okus\u00edte, jak\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt, nau\u010d\u00edte se spr\u00e1vn\u011b komponovat a&nbsp;pozd\u011bji m\u016f\u017eete do bra\u0161ny doplnit plnohodnotn\u00fd makro objektiv.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zoom objektivy<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed detail\u016f jde v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dob\u0159e i&nbsp;s&nbsp;jednoduch\u00fdm setov\u00fdm zoom objektivem zrcadlovek a&nbsp;bezzrcadlovek. Rozsah ohnisek je v\u011bt\u0161inou 18\u201355 mm, sv\u011btelnost nen\u00ed limitem, proto\u017ee mal\u00e1 hloubka ostrosti nen\u00ed c\u00edl, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e komplikace. Nastavte ide\u00e1ln\u011b nejdel\u0161\u00ed ohnisko a&nbsp;\u0159i\u010fte se radami v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49184\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49184\" style=\"width: 998px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49184 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55.jpg\" alt=\"Setov\u00fd objektiv Fujifilm\" width=\"998\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55.jpg 998w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55-768x616.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55-50x40.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55-370x297.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55-270x216.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/fujifilm-18-55-740x593.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 998px) 100vw, 998px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49184\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nen\u00ed se\u0165\u00e1k jako se\u0165\u00e1k. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ten od Fujifilm je perfektn\u011b ostr\u00fd, je vybaven clonov\u00fdm krou\u017ekem, m\u00e1 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b kr\u00e1tkou zaost\u0159ovac\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost a&nbsp;na \u0161irok\u00e9m konci p\u0159ekvap\u00ed sv\u011btelnost\u00ed f\/2,8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Nejkrat\u0161\u00ed zaost\u0159ovac\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost je parametr uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd u&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9ho objektivu. Je nutn\u00e9 zohlednit fakt, \u017ee u&nbsp;zoom objektiv\u016f se nejkrat\u0161\u00ed zaost\u0159iteln\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it mezi \u0161irok\u00fdm a&nbsp;dlouh\u00fdm koncem ohniskov\u00fdch vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><strong>Zoom teleobjektivy<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Pokud vlastn\u00edte teleobjektiv s&nbsp;rozsahem ohnisek 70\u2013300 mm, vyzkou\u0161ejte ho pro focen\u00ed detail\u016f. Pou\u017eijte del\u0161\u00ed ohnisko mezi 100 a&nbsp;300 mm. U&nbsp;tohoto typu zoomu se \u010dasto m\u011bn\u00ed nejkrat\u0161\u00ed zaost\u0159iteln\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost pr\u00e1v\u011b se zm\u011bnou ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Tak\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inou nen\u00ed dobr\u00e1 strategie pou\u017e\u00edt to nejdel\u0161\u00ed ohnisko, ale je t\u0159eba hledat p\u0159i kter\u00e9m nastaven\u00ed dostanete nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed, resp. p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31511\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31511\" style=\"width: 1700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31511 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_.jpg\" alt=\"Objektiv Nikon 70-300mm f\/4.5-5.6G ED IF AF-S VR\" width=\"1700\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_.jpg 1700w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_-768x437.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_-1536x875.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/71QDiIwzZL._AC_SL1500_-50x28.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1700px) 100vw, 1700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31511\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Objektiv s&nbsp;rozsahem ohnisek 70-300mm je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro vyzkou\u0161en\u00ed si focen\u00ed detail\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Pokud takov\u00fd objektiv m\u00e1 na maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm ohnisku 300 mm zaost\u0159ovac\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost 1,5m (co\u017e je typick\u00e1 hodnota), ale p\u0159i 200 mm zaost\u0159\u00ed u\u017e na jeden metr, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ohnisko 200 mm lep\u0161\u00ed volba. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed teleobjektivu nezapome\u0148te vyu\u017e\u00edt i&nbsp;neostrou oblast mezi v\u00e1mi a&nbsp;zaost\u0159en\u00fdm objektem. Fo\u0165te p\u0159es jin\u00e9 kv\u011bty, listy nebo dal\u0161\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 objekty, s&nbsp;jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete zar\u00e1movat hlavn\u00ed objekt. Bu\u010fte kreativn\u00ed, zn\u00e1m fotografa, kter\u00fd jedny ze sv\u00fdch nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sn\u00edmk\u016f po\u0159izuje p\u0159es poma\u010dkan\u00e9 celof\u00e1nov\u00e9 obaly od bonb\u00f3n\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Pevn\u00e9 objektivy<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Princip je stejn\u00fd jako u&nbsp;z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zoom objektiv\u016f. Zkontrolujte si nejkrat\u0161\u00ed zaost\u0159ovac\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost, manu\u00e1ln\u011b ji nastavte a&nbsp;pot\u00e9 zaost\u0159ujte pomoc\u00ed jemn\u00e9ho pohybu cel\u00e9 soustavy fotoapar\u00e1tu s&nbsp;objektivem. Rovina zaost\u0159en\u00ed je v&nbsp;hled\u00e1\u010dku \u010di na displeji jasn\u011b patrn\u00e1, sledujte ji a&nbsp;exponujte v&nbsp;ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd okam\u017eik. Vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e del\u0161\u00ed ohniska nad 50 mm, kter\u00e1 umo\u017en\u00ed l\u00e9pe soust\u0159edit pozornost na v\u00e1\u0161 mal\u00fd objekt a&nbsp;tvo\u0159it tak klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kompozici.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_49191\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-49191\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-49191 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm.jpg\" alt=\"Portr\u00e9tn\u00ed objektiv na Canon\" width=\"1024\" height=\"877\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm-768x658.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm-50x43.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm-370x317.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm-270x231.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/canon-ef-50-stm-740x634.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-49191\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spousta muziky za m\u00e1lo pen\u011bz, to je objektiv <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/produkt\/canon-ef-50mm-f-1-8-stm\" target=\"\u201d_blank\u201d\" rel=\"noopener\">Canon EF 50 mm f\/1,8 STM<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vyzkou\u0161ejte r\u016fzn\u00e1 clonov\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla a&nbsp;experimentujte s&nbsp;hloubkou ostrosti. Nedr\u017ete se jedn\u00e9, vyzkou\u0161en\u00e9 varianty. N\u011bkter\u00fdm n\u00e1m\u011bt\u016fm a&nbsp;objekt\u016fm vyhovuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hloubka ostrosti (kv\u011bt kopretiny, list, po\u0161tovn\u00ed zn\u00e1mka, cifern\u00edk), jin\u00fdm zase minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubka ostrosti s&nbsp;mlhav\u00fdm tajemnem v\u0161ude kolem (vrchol pest\u00edku tulip\u00e1nu, jeden trn r\u016f\u017ee, r\u016f\u017eov\u00fd k\u00e1men v&nbsp;soustroj\u00ed hodinek atd.).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte si v\u0161echny <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/objektivy\/objektivy-s-pevnym-ohniskem\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>pevn\u00e9 objektivy v&nbsp;na\u0161em e-shopu Fotolab.cz<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31509\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31509\" style=\"width: 1920px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31509 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920.jpg\" alt=\"Sem\u00ednka papriky\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/paprika-4417034_1920-50x33.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31509\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sem\u00ednka papriky zachycen\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed teleobjektivu 70-300 mm s&nbsp;n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm o\u0159ezem.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Co je polom\u011br zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se bav\u00edme \u010dist\u011b jen o&nbsp;focen\u00ed detail\u016f. Fotografii beru\u0161ky n\u00ed\u017ee by mnoho lid\u00ed nazvalo makrem, ale jedn\u00e1 se st\u00e1le &#8222;pouze&#8220; o&nbsp;detail, kter\u00fd vyfot\u00edte b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm objektivem s&nbsp;kr\u00e1tkou zaost\u0159ovac\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m je ten, \u017ee kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 nebo dlouh\u00e1 zaost\u0159ovac\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost nemus\u00ed automaticky znamenat dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky p\u0159i focen\u00ed detail\u016f a&nbsp;makra.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esn\u011b proto se v&nbsp;technick\u00fdch parametrech objektivu setk\u00e1te i&nbsp;s&nbsp;term\u00ednem polom\u011br zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed. To je \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m prozrad\u00ed, v&nbsp;jak\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku dok\u00e1\u017ee objektiv reprodukovat mal\u00e9 detaily. V&nbsp;praxi se pak m\u016f\u017eeme zjednodu\u0161en\u011b bavit o&nbsp;porovn\u00e1n\u00ed velikosti focen\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu v\u016f\u010di fyzick\u00e9 velikosti sn\u00edma\u010de fotoapar\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si vedle sebe 1 cm brouka a&nbsp;sn\u00edma\u010d fotoapar\u00e1tu. Pokud jej zachyt\u00edte tak, \u017ee jeho re\u00e1ln\u00e9 rozm\u011bry budou odpov\u00eddat fyzick\u00fdm rozm\u011br\u016fm \u010dipu (1 cm brouk zabere 1 cm sn\u00edma\u010de), dostanete zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 1:1, tedy plnohodnotn\u00e9 makro.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"gridlove-popup-img\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-49199 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska.jpg\" alt=\"Slun\u00e9\u010dko sedmite\u010dn\u00e9\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-370x247.jpg 370w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-270x180.jpg 270w, https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/helen-sepp-free-beruska-740x493.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Polom\u011br zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed u&nbsp;klasick\u00fdch objektiv\u016f bez mo\u017enosti focen\u00ed makra bude nap\u0159\u00edklad 1:3 &#8211; focen\u00fd objekt je t\u0159ikr\u00e1t men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti. Naopak existuje i&nbsp;speci\u00e1ln\u00ed optika, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad 5:1 \u2013 focen\u00fd objekt bude p\u011btin\u00e1sobn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd. Jen tak pro zaj\u00edmavost, u&nbsp;polom\u011bru zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 30:1 se u\u017e bav\u00edme o&nbsp;mikro fotografii.<\/p>\n<h2>Vyplat\u00ed se n\u00e1kup makro objektivu?<\/h2>\n<p>Rozhodn\u011b! Pokud v\u00e1s focen\u00ed detail\u016f bav\u00ed a&nbsp;cht\u011bli byste se posunout na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, po\u0159i\u010fte makroobjektiv. Po\u010d\u00edtejte s&nbsp;t\u00edm, \u017ee focen\u00ed s&nbsp;makro objektivem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ze za\u010d\u00e1tku lehce n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jste byli zvykl\u00ed p\u0159i focen\u00ed detail\u016f. Je proto t\u0159eba zpomalit, nastavit precizn\u011b clonu, \u010das i&nbsp;citlivost a&nbsp;uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee sebemen\u0161\u00ed pohyb fotoapar\u00e1tu m\u016f\u017ee znamenat nepovedenou fotografii. A&nbsp;tak, jako to plat\u00ed v&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9m jin\u00e9m fotografick\u00e9m \u017e\u00e1nru \u2013 praxe d\u011bl\u00e1 mistra!<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc specializovan\u00e9 makro objektivy nejsou jenom o&nbsp;focen\u00ed mikrosv\u011bta kolem n\u00e1s. V\u011bt\u0161inou toti\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed ohniska a&nbsp;maj\u00ed slu\u0161nou sv\u011btelnost. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed proto najdou i&nbsp;jako portr\u00e9tn\u00ed objektivy nebo kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 teleobjektivy na focen\u00ed sportu. Jen pozor, n\u011bkter\u00e9 makro objektivy, hlavn\u011b ty star\u0161\u00ed nebo levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, mohou m\u00edt pomalej\u0161\u00ed ost\u0159en\u00ed, ne\u017e jejich b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 prot\u011bj\u0161ky.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Tip:<\/strong> Detaily m\u00e1te v&nbsp;merku a&nbsp;chcete se rovnou pono\u0159it do sv\u011bta makrofotografie? Prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte si <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/objektivy-podle-zanru\/objektivy-pro-makro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>makro objektivy v&nbsp;na\u0161em e-shopu Fotolab.cz<\/strong><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><em>Text: Stanislav Mach, Michael Jur\u00e1k<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed detail\u016f je obl\u00edbenou discipl\u00ednou pro mnoh\u00e9 z&nbsp;n\u00e1s. \u010casto se neobejdete bez specifick\u00e9ho fotografick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed, v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci kter\u00e9ho vynikaj\u00ed makroobjektivy. Pokud si drah\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed na focen\u00ed detail\u016f nechcete po\u0159izovat, m\u00e1me pro v\u00e1s n\u011bkolik tip\u016f, jak to zvl\u00e1dnout i&nbsp;bez specializovan\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":49193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[256,559,18],"tags":[1556,88,946,130],"class_list":["post-31393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotograficka-poradna","category-fotolab-fotoradce","category-novinky","tag-detaily","tag-fotografovani","tag-fotoradce","tag-makro"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31393"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31393"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49259,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31393\/revisions\/49259"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}