{"id":30589,"date":"2020-03-02T10:32:43","date_gmt":"2020-03-02T09:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/?p=30589"},"modified":"2020-06-03T14:41:42","modified_gmt":"2020-06-03T12:41:42","slug":"pribeh-fotografie-uzovka-podplamata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/pribeh-fotografie-uzovka-podplamata\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh fotografie: U\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se Jarom\u00edr Kade\u0159\u00e1bek tentokr\u00e1t zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na jeden ze \u010dty\u0159 druh\u016f u\u017eovek, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Mo\u017en\u00e1 nep\u016fsob\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled tak roztomile jako n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161i savci, ale zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a celkov\u00e1 zaj\u00edmavost rozhodn\u011b stoj\u00ed za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"U\u017dOVKA<\/a>U\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1: popis druhu a zaj\u00edmavosti<\/h2>\n

U\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1 je podobn\u011b jako u\u017eovka obojkov\u00e1 siln\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e1 na vodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Dokonce bych \u0159ekl, \u017ee naopak je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce. Vodu toti\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou opou\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou a\u017e v noci. Nej\u010dast\u011bji ji najdeme v okol\u00ed \u0159ek a p\u0159ilehl\u00e9m biotopu. Oproti u\u017eovce obojkov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 se \u017eiv\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017e\u00e1bami, u\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1 preferuje zejm\u00e9na ryby. Ale nepohrdne tak\u00e9 ropuchou, \u010dolkem \u010di pulcem. Svou ko\u0159ist p\u0159i polyk\u00e1n\u00ed ochromuje, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo usmrcuje v\u00fdm\u011b\u0161ky z tzv. Duvernoyovy \u017el\u00e1zy. Hemoragick\u00fd a neurotoxick\u00fd jed vylu\u010duje pomoc\u00ed nejzadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zub\u016f. Nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k tomu ale poka\u017ed\u00e9, \u017ee by se toxiny vylu\u010dovan\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zou pod\u00edlely na usmrcen\u00ed ko\u0159isti. Samotn\u00fd jed obecn\u011b slab\u00fd, pro \u010dlov\u011bka absolutn\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u00fd. Ve skute\u010dnosti je tato u\u017eovka \u0159azena mezi nejm\u00e9n\u011b jedovat\u00e9 hady ze v\u0161ech had\u016f. P\u0159i obran\u011b vypou\u0161t\u00ed zap\u00e1chaj\u00edc\u00ed sekret z kloaky. Dal\u0161\u00edm obran\u00fdm mechanismem je thanat\u00f3za, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee had p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee je mrtv\u00fd. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed v had\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i nic ojedin\u011bl\u00e9ho a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ho i dal\u0161\u00ed druhy. Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na v\u00fdskyt, tak hlavn\u00ed m\u00edsta u n\u00e1s jsou v povod\u00ed Berounky, S\u00e1zavy. Rovn\u011b\u017e ji najdeme u Vltavy a Oh\u0159e, d\u00e1le u doln\u00edho toku Labe, Moravy a Dyje.<\/p>\n

\"U\u017dOVKA<\/a>U\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1 dosahuje b\u011b\u017en\u011b d\u00e9lky mezi 80-100cm, v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b a\u017e 1,5m. Ostatn\u011b toto je potvrzen\u00e1 nejdel\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 d\u00e9lka. Samice b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a\u017e o \u010dtvrtinu d\u00e9lky. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zbarven\u00ed je nej\u010dast\u011bji olivov\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e9, ale m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i zna\u010dn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 a variabiln\u00ed zbarven\u00ed. Na tomto z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zbarven\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed a tmav\u0161\u00ed skvrny, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed dojem \u0161achovnice. B\u0159icho m\u00e1 nepravideln\u00e9 \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9 zabarven\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed kostkovan\u00fd motiv. N\u011bkdy je na\u017eloutl\u00e9 a\u017e \u010derven\u00e9. Tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u017elut\u00e9 a\u017e oran\u017eov\u00e9 s \u010dern\u00fdmi skvrnami rovn\u011b\u017e podobn\u00e9 kostk\u00e1m. Od t\u011bchto skvrn poch\u00e1z\u00ed i jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no. Term\u00edn \u201eplama\u201c vyjad\u0159uje pojem skvrna. U\u017eovka podlamat\u00e1 znamen\u00e1 jako dole skvrnit\u00e1, alespo\u0148 takto je to definov\u00e1no v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Kdy a\u00a0kam vyrazit fotografovat u\u017eovku podplamatou<\/h2>\n

Aktivita u\u017eovky podplamat\u00e9 po zim\u011b startuje obvykle na p\u0159elomu b\u0159ezna a dubna, kdy se po ukon\u010den\u00ed hibernace p\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed se ve velk\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. Samice klade vaj\u00ed\u010dka po p\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00a0horizontu 45 a\u017e 60 dn\u00ed (co\u017e b\u00fdv\u00e1 obvykle v\u00a0\u010dervenci). V jednom hn\u00edzd\u011b b\u00fdv\u00e1 obvykle 10-25 vajec, ze kter\u00fdch se h\u00e1\u010fata l\u00edhnou za\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. Ml\u00e1\u010fata m\u011b\u0159\u00ed kolem 20 cm a po 14 dnech, kdy se poprv\u00e9 svle\u010dou za\u010dnou p\u0159ij\u00edmat potravu v podobn\u011b drobn\u00fdch rybek a pulc\u016f. V \u0159\u00edjnu se u\u017eovky podplamat\u00e9 ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed k zimn\u00edmu sp\u00e1nku, kde zalezou do n\u011bjak\u00fdch d\u011br pobl\u00ed\u017e vody.<\/p>\n

\"U\u017dOVKA<\/a>U\u017e spoustu let pravideln\u011b jezd\u00edm na ji\u017en\u00ed Moravu, kde i v tom nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm parnu okolo \u0159eky Dyje pod stromy panuje p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd chl\u00e1dek. Voda je zde \u010dist\u00e1 a tak nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee p\u0159edm\u011btem v\u00fdpravy v kr\u00e1sn\u00e9m lunu p\u0159\u00edrody se stala jedna z na\u0161ich \u010dty\u0159ech druh\u016f u\u017eovek. Pro\u010d zrovna toto m\u00edsto? Je to jednoduch\u00e9. Je to jedin\u00e1 lokalita u n\u00e1s v republice, kde je \u0161ance pozorovat v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i druhy zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch u\u017eovek. Vyskytuje se zde i ne zcela b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 vranka obecn\u00e1, \u0159azen\u00e1 v \u010cerven\u00e9m seznamu ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky do skupiny zraniteln\u00e9. Mohl bych zde kv\u011btnat\u011b popisovat, kolik \u00fasil\u00ed st\u00e1lo za fotkou, kde pr\u00e1v\u011b c\u00edlen\u00e1 u\u017eovka podplamat\u00e1 do sebe souk\u00e1 onu vranku, ale n\u011bkdy to je o n\u00e1hod\u011b a \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu se mus\u00ed j\u00edt vst\u0159\u00edc, aneb trp\u011blivosti nen\u00ed nikdy dost… A p\u0159esn\u011b tak to bylo i p\u0159i na\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b s kamar\u00e1dem. A sta\u010dilo se jen po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u00edvat a m\u00edt prost\u011b \u201ekliku\u201c. Snad nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm utrpen\u00edm byl po\u017eadovan\u00fd \u00fahel z\u00e1b\u011bru, kdy v letn\u00edch t\u0159ic\u00edtk\u00e1ch byla nutnost zalehnout do studen\u00e9 vody. Ale jak u\u017e to tak b\u00fdv\u00e1, pro hezkou fotku se trochu toho pohodl\u00ed ob\u011btovat mus\u00ed.\"U\u017dOVKA<\/a><\/p>\n

Jakou techniku si vz\u00edt na focen\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Z doporu\u010den\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed se bude rozhodn\u011b hodit fotoapar\u00e1t, kter\u00fd netrp\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00fdm \u0161umem, nebo\u0165 pod stromy \u010dast\u011bji \u201echyb\u00ed\u201c sv\u011btlo. Za sebe doporu\u010d\u00edm n\u011bjak\u00fd Full Frame, nap\u0159\u00edklad Nikon D850<\/strong> (test zde<\/a><\/strong>), nebo nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Nikon D780 <\/strong>(test zde<\/a><\/strong>), chybu neud\u011bl\u00e1te ani n\u011bjak\u00fdm m\u00e1lo \u0161um\u00edc\u00edm crop fotoapar\u00e1tem nap\u0159. Nikon D7500<\/strong> (test zde<\/strong><\/a>). Z objektiv\u016f doporu\u010d\u00edm makro objektiv minim\u00e1ln\u011b o ohniskov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti 100mm, nap\u0159. Nikkor AF-S 105mm f\/2.8 G<\/strong> (test zde<\/strong><\/a>) \u010di ekvivalent z d\u00edlny Sigma 105mm f\/2.8<\/strong>. Doporu\u010duji zv\u00e1\u017eit i makro objektivy Sigma s\u00a0del\u0161\u00edmi ohnisky 150mm f\/2.8<\/strong> \u010di dokonce 180mm f\/2.8 <\/strong>(test zde<\/strong><\/a>), s\u00a0nimi nem\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat chybu. Z\u00edsk\u00e1te tak pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed a slu\u0161n\u00e9, \u010dasto nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Jarom\u00edr<\/a>\u010cl\u00e1nek pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravil ve spolupr\u00e1ci s redakc\u00ed FOTOLAB blogu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jarom\u00edr Kade\u0159\u00e1bek<\/strong> – wildlife fotograf<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se Jarom\u00edr Kade\u0159\u00e1bek tentokr\u00e1t zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na jeden ze \u010dty\u0159 druh\u016f u\u017eovek, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Mo\u017en\u00e1 nep\u016fsob\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled tak roztomile jako n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161i savci, ale zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a celkov\u00e1 zaj\u00edmavost rozhodn\u011b stoj\u00ed za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":255,"featured_media":30590,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[256,559,18],"tags":[88,946,1531,736,1530,1071],"class_list":["post-30589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotograficka-poradna","category-fotolab-fotoradce","category-novinky","tag-fotografovani","tag-fotoradce","tag-hadi","tag-telezoom","tag-uzovka-podplamata","tag-wildlife"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30589"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/255"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30589"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30589\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33202,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30589\/revisions\/33202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}