{"id":30515,"date":"2020-04-13T08:02:51","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T06:02:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/?p=30515"},"modified":"2020-04-14T10:28:13","modified_gmt":"2020-04-14T08:28:13","slug":"jak-spravne-drzet-fotoaparat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/jak-spravne-drzet-fotoaparat\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b dr\u017eet fotoapar\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se podiv\u00edte nad t\u00edm, co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho na dr\u017een\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1tu, a mo\u017en\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 budete divit, \u017ee jej celou dobu dr\u017e\u00edte nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. A nebudete v tom mnohokr\u00e1t sami, sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat kolem sebe. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme n\u011bkolik jednoduch\u00fdch postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161\u00ed \u00fachop va\u0161\u00ed fototechniky p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fachop fotoapar\u00e1tu toti\u017e usnad\u0148uje kompozici a umo\u017en\u00ed v\u00e1m l\u00e9pe se na fotografii soust\u0159edit.<\/strong> V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b objemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sestav t\u011bla a objektivu pak p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed \u00fanav\u011b a m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto se stane, \u017ee apar\u00e1t \u201estrhnete\u201c na stranu a budete m\u00edt naklon\u011bn\u00fd horizont. Dobr\u00fd \u00fachop fotoapar\u00e1tu znamen\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 tak\u00e9 v\u00edce ostr\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f<\/strong>, a o to p\u0159eci jde.\"Fujifilm<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159i dr\u017een\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b bude z\u00e1le\u017eet na tom, jak\u00fd fotoapar\u00e1t pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te a jakou m\u00e1 ergonomii. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kompakt\u016f jsou mo\u017enosti dr\u017een\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00e9<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na kv\u016fli mal\u00fdm rozm\u011br\u016fm a velmi mizern\u00e9 ergonomii dr\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

U bezzrcadlovek je mo\u017enost dr\u017een\u00ed o n\u011bco lep\u0161\u00ed,<\/strong> ov\u0161em i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bude z\u00e1le\u017eet na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm typu,<\/strong> na trhu toti\u017e najdete modely, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ergonomii na \u00farovni profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch zrcadlovek, ov\u0161em najdou se i fotoapar\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed minimalistick\u00fd design a podobaj\u00ed se sp\u00ed\u0161e kompakt\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Zrcadlovky<\/strong>, jakkoli jsou velk\u00e9 \u010di mal\u00e9, maj\u00ed obvykle vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed ergonomii, kter\u00e9 by bylo \u0161koda nevyu\u017e\u00edt<\/strong>. Pravou \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla apar\u00e1tu v\u017edy tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00fd grip , kter\u00e9mu na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b sekunduje pogumovan\u00e1 opora pro palec prav\u00e9 ruky \u2013 \u00fachop pravou rukou je v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jasn\u011b definovan\u00fd, ov\u0161em jak a kam um\u00edstit ruku levou?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pevn\u00fd postoj<\/h2>\n

Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm stavem je situace, kdy m\u00e1 fotoapar\u00e1t t\u0159i op\u011brn\u00e9 body<\/strong>, v\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b toti\u017e nem\u00e1 kam uhnout a jeho pozice bude stabiln\u00ed. To stejn\u00e9 plat\u00ed i o fotografovi, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl p\u0159i exponov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1t de facto stejn\u011b, jako p\u0159i st\u0159elb\u011b ze vzduchovky \u2013 tedy m\u00edrn\u011b rozkro\u010den\u00fd s\u00a0v\u00e1hou na jedn\u00e9 noze pro maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu.<\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed od v\u011bci se p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed op\u0159\u00edt nebo zap\u0159\u00edt o strom \u010di ze\u010f<\/strong>, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00edte tak je\u0161t\u011b svoji stabilitu a eliminujete mo\u017enou pohybovou neostrost. Pot\u0159ebujete-li fotit v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed poloze (zv\u00ed\u0159ata, d\u011bti) pak se vyhn\u011bte d\u0159epu<\/strong>, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 stabiln\u00ed pozic\u00ed a velmi rychle se v\u00a0t\u00e9to pozici unav\u00ed svaly. Naopak se neost\u00fdchejte pokleknout na jedno koleno<\/strong> \u2013 o druh\u00e9 se potom m\u016f\u017eete zap\u0159\u00edt loktem prav\u00e9 ruky a budete m\u00edt velmi stabiln\u00ed pozici.<\/p>\n

Fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku<\/h2>\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fachop apar\u00e1tu se odv\u00edj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na od toho, jak bude apar\u00e1t nato\u010den. Asi nejhor\u0161\u00ed variantou je dr\u017een\u00ed digit\u00e1lu v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 ruce<\/strong> \u2013 najdou se situace, kdy je t\u0159eba fotit nap\u0159\u00edklad nad hlavou v davu \u2013 ov\u0161em i v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je lep\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm dr\u017een\u00ed ob\u011bma rukama.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0160patn\u00fd \u00fachop p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

P\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 lev\u00e1 ruka, velmi \u010dastou chybou je jej\u00ed nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jako opory apar\u00e1tu. Mnoho za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch fotograf\u016f dr\u017e\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t levou rukou za objektiv shora a loket lev\u00e9 ruky maj\u00ed voln\u011b ve vzduchu<\/strong>. Tato pozice rozhodn\u011b nepat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0pevn\u00e9mu dr\u017een\u00ed, lokty v\u017edy pat\u0159\u00ed dol\u016f, aby se mohly o n\u011bco op\u00edrat.<\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 pozice rukou je tedy takov\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1te lokty zap\u0159en\u00e9 o t\u011blo, aby byl postoj co nejv\u00edce stabiln\u00ed. Prav\u00e1 ruka obep\u00edn\u00e1 grip, palec se op\u00edr\u00e1 o zadn\u00ed gumovou podlo\u017eku a lev\u00e1 ruka pak podp\u00edr\u00e1 objektiv zespodu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e palec a ukazov\u00e1k obep\u00ednaj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji zoomovac\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ost\u0159ic\u00ed prstenec<\/strong>. Ruka je v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159irozen\u00e9 pozici a palcem m\u016f\u017eete bez probl\u00e9m\u016f ovl\u00e1dat p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de na objektivu. Stejn\u011b tak je velmi dob\u0159e dostupn\u00e1 obruba polariza\u010dn\u00edho filtru, se kter\u00fdm snadno ot\u00e1\u010d\u00edte.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fachop p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fachop p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u0159et\u00edm op\u011brn\u00fdm bodem je pak va\u0161e hlava, kdy p\u0159itisknete o\u010dnici hled\u00e1\u010dku k oku<\/strong> a apar\u00e1t se z\u00e1rove\u0148 op\u0159e o \u010d\u00e1st hlavy nad nosem \u010di o \u010delo. Stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako zrcadlovku pak dr\u017e\u00edte i men\u0161\u00ed bezzrcadlovky a kompakty \u2013 pokud je objektiv natolik kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, \u017ee jej nem\u016f\u017eete rukou podlo\u017eit, podkl\u00e1dejte dlan\u00ed lev\u00e9 ruky t\u011blo apar\u00e1tu zespod<\/strong>.\u00a0 P\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es displej absentuje m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 opora v podob\u011b o\u010dnice.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m dr\u017een\u00ed d\u00e1vejte pozor, abyste si nedopat\u0159en\u00edm nepohnuli ost\u0159ic\u00edm prstencem \u2013 u objektiv\u016f s nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm ru\u010dn\u00edm ost\u0159en\u00edm to m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k necht\u011bn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b zaost\u0159en\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dr\u017een\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku<\/h2>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy se fotografuje na v\u00fd\u0161ku, je \u0161patn\u00e9 dr\u017een\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1tu je\u0161t\u011b \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku plat\u00ed pro dr\u017een\u00cd stejn\u00e1 pravidla, jako p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku. S rukama je to v\u0161ak trochu jin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0160patn\u00fd \u00fachop p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Velmi \u010dastou chybou je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dr\u017een\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1tu zespodu<\/strong>, kdy je prav\u00e1 ruka v\u00a0pom\u011brn\u011b nep\u0159irozen\u00e9 pozici a tla\u010d\u00ed na hrudn\u00edk, vy si l\u00e1mete krk, abyste vid\u011bli do hled\u00e1\u010dku a lev\u00fd loket placht\u00ed ve vzduchu, zat\u00edmco se sna\u017e\u00edte levou rukou zoomovat. V\u00a0t\u00e9to pozici ani nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 dr\u017eet objektiv zespodu, proto\u017ee se v\u00e1m tam lev\u00e1 ruka zkr\u00e1tka nevejde.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0160patn\u00fd \u00fachop p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jak je to tedy spr\u00e1vn\u011b? Pravou rukou v\u017edy dr\u017ete fotoapar\u00e1t shora a levou rukou podep\u00edrejte objektiv<\/strong> \u2013 je to vlastn\u011b stejn\u00e1 pozice, jako kdy\u017e fot\u00edte na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a fotoapar\u00e1t spolu s\u00a0pravou rukou oto\u010d\u00edte kolem pomysln\u00e9 osy proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed objektivem. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u00e1te maxim\u00e1ln\u011b stabiln\u00ed \u00fachop, p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0kleku pak op\u00edr\u00e1te loket lev\u00e9 ruky o koleno, na kter\u00e9m nekle\u010d\u00edte<\/strong>. Voln\u00fd loket prav\u00e9 ruky ve vzduchu v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, jeliko\u017e m\u00e1te lev\u00fd loket zap\u0159en\u00fd o t\u011blo a m\u016f\u017eete se tak pravou rukou op\u0159\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vahou o podep\u00edran\u00fd fotoapar\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fachop fotoapar\u00e1tu p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilita<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jestli\u017ee je v\u00e1\u0161 fotoapar\u00e1t vybaven bateriov\u00fdm gripem se zdvojen\u00fdmi ovl\u00e1dac\u00edmi prvky (m\u00e1 obvykle i vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed spou\u0161\u0165), v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se dr\u017e\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1t v\u017edy stejn\u011b, a\u0165 u\u017e fotografujete na v\u00fd\u0161ku nebo na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161ku existuje jedna v\u00fdjimka z popsan\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho dr\u017een\u00ed, a to tehdy, kdy\u017e fot\u00edte s bleskem a nechcete m\u00edt st\u00edn v prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sn\u00edmku, a naopak pot\u0159ebujete, aby \u0161lo sv\u011btlo z prav\u00e9 strany.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Fot\u00edme p\u0159es displej<\/h2>\n

A\u0165 u\u017e budete m\u00edt v\u00a0ruce zrcadlovku s\u00a0aktivn\u00edm re\u017eimem LiveView nebo budete fotit s\u00a0bezzrcadlovkou \/ kompaktem, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed hled\u00e1\u010dek, vzpome\u0148te na spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 dr\u017een\u00ed zrcadlovky. Ruce budou st\u00e1le ve stejn\u00e9 pozici, pouze apar\u00e1t bude n\u00ed\u017e, abyste vid\u011bli na displej.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bco jin\u00e9ho je v\u0161ak v\u00fdklopn\u00fd displej<\/strong>, kdy je variabilita jeho nastaven\u00ed natolik velk\u00e1, \u017ee si najdete pro focen\u00ed vhodnou pozici individu\u00e1ln\u011b. U digit\u00e1l\u016f s ramenn\u00edm popruhem je situace asi nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u2013 fotoapar\u00e1t dr\u017ete ob\u011bma rukama se zap\u0159en\u00fdmi lokty a z\u00e1rove\u0148 tla\u010dte krkem do popruhu sm\u011brem vzad<\/strong>. V\u00a0takov\u00e9 pozici z\u00edsk\u00e1 apar\u00e1t t\u0159i pevn\u00e9 body a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se s\u00a0n\u00edm m\u016f\u017eete ot\u00e1\u010det nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i \u0161venkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pro fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es displej slou\u017e\u00ed funkce \u017eiv\u00fd n\u00e1hled (Live View), kterou dnes najdete u v\u0161ech digit\u00e1ln\u00edch fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b odtahov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje od t\u011bla a tlak krku do popruhu<\/strong> velmi pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pro celkovou stabilizaci sn\u00edmac\u00ed soustavy a p\u0159i nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed videa je takov\u00e9 dr\u017een\u00ed neoceniteln\u00e9<\/strong>. Pokud budete displej vyu\u017e\u00edvat i pro v\u00fdb\u011br ost\u0159\u00edc\u00edho bodu nebo expozici dotykem, pak se jedn\u00e1 v\u00a0podstat\u011b o jedin\u00fd stabiln\u00ed zp\u016fsob dr\u017een\u00ed, nem\u00e1te-li tedy velmi dlouh\u00e9 prsty s\u00a0nimi\u017e dos\u00e1hnete na displej i p\u0159es spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u00fachop\u2026.<\/p>\n

\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravil ve spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0redakc\u00ed FOTOLAB blogu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Petr B\u0159ezina<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed jsem p\u0159i\u010dichl poprv\u00e9 v roce 1996, kdy jsem uko\u0159istil otc\u016fv Zenit 11 a k n\u011bmu po\u0159\u00eddil sv\u011bteln\u00fd 135mm objektiv, na vysok\u00e9 to bylo ve znamen\u00ed kompakt\u016f a koup\u011b filmov\u00e9 zrcadlovky. Od roku 2004 spolupracuji s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi redakcemi na testov\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1l\u016f, tak\u017ee mi rukama pro\u0161lo nem\u00e1lo stroj\u016f. Nejl\u00e9pe se v\u0161ak c\u00edt\u00edm se sv\u011btelnou p\u011btat\u0159ic\u00edtkou, kter\u00e1 mi naprosto vyhovuje nejen p\u0159i report\u00e1\u017ei, ale i p\u0159i portr\u00e9tech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se podiv\u00edte nad t\u00edm, co m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho na dr\u017een\u00ed fotoapar\u00e1tu, a mo\u017en\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 budete divit, \u017ee jej celou dobu dr\u017e\u00edte nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. A nebudete v tom mnohokr\u00e1t sami, sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat kolem sebe. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme n\u011bkolik jednoduch\u00fdch postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 zlep\u0161\u00ed \u00fachop va\u0161\u00ed fototechniky p\u0159i fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256,"featured_media":30525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[256,559,18],"tags":[305,88,946,1562],"class_list":["post-30515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fotograficka-poradna","category-fotolab-fotoradce","category-novinky","tag-fotoaparat","tag-fotografovani","tag-fotoradce","tag-uchop"],"wppr_data":{"cwp_meta_box_check":"No"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30515"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/256"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30515"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30515\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31767,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30515\/revisions\/31767"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30515"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30515"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fotolab.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30515"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}